News Update on Platelet Count Research: April – 2019
Measurement of Platelet Count, Mean Platelet Volume, and Reticulated Platelets
Numerical protoplasm determination may be a essential step in assessing hurt and occlusion risk. to boot, protoplasm count is a biomarker for variety of pathologic states. fashionable machine-controlled medicine analyzers turn out quick, accurate, and precise protoplasm determination underneath most circumstances. Accuracy of machine-controlled protoplasm counts is also compromised by platelet clumping, platelets of bizarre size, little red blood cells, or cell fragments. counting on methodology, size and/or lightweight scatter properties are usually used. terribly low protoplasm counts also can create a challenge because of issues in characteristic little platelets from background. Manual protoplasm counts will alleviate a number of the issues inherent within the machine-controlled counts however is also inaccurate and effortful. this gold customary technique is predicated on a mixture of light-scatter gating and marking with antibodies directed against platelet-specific antigens. [1]
A Simple Scoring System Using the Red Blood Cell Distribution Width, Delta Neutrophil Index, and Platelet Count to Predict Mortality in Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Purpose:
The purpose of our study was to research whether or not an easy classification system supported the red corpuscle distribution breadth (RDW), delta white cell index (DNI), and blood platelet count was related to the prognosis of patients with infection, and whether or not this classification system was a lot of helpful than every individual parameter.
Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adult patients UN agency received intensive medical care thanks to severe infection and septic shock from Gregorian calendar month 2010 to December 2015 at a tertiary teaching hospital in South Korea.
Results:
A total of 730 patients were enclosed during this study. every patient was rated on a scale of zero to three in keeping with the new classification system victimization the blood platelet count, RDW, and DNI. purpose values were allotted supported the subsequent definitions: RDW > fourteen.5%, DNI > 5.0%, and blood platelet count < 150 000/mm3. The 28-day morbidity was twelve.6% (92/730). The nonsurvivors had higher scores than the survivors (2.05 ± 0.80 vs 1.06 ± 0.87, P < .001). within the variable Cox proportional hazard analysis, the classification system was associate
independent predictor of the 28-day mortality. The classification system was well label (P = .81 for the goodness-of-fit test) and discriminated (area underneath the receiver operative characterisic function = zero.785).
Conclusion:
Our new classification system victimization the RDW, DNI, and blood platelet count was helpful for predicting the mortality in patients with severe infection and septic shock. [2]
Platelet Receptors
Platelet receptors are however platelets move with their atmosphere so as to perform. they permit signals to pass to the thrombocyte interior and alter useful aspects of the platelet exterior. Major receptors (described very well in different chapters) have well-established ligands and functions, however there are an oversized variety of minor receptors whose roles and ligands are solely getting down to be known. a number of the receptors are continuously gift on the cell wall, however others are on grain membranes and are solely exposed following exocytosis. whereas their major roles are in hemostasia, a growing variety of “minor” receptors are concerned in different thrombocyte activities like immunity or in regulation physiological functions. Some receptors may be downregulated by form amendment or by evoked chemical action activity. Since platelets lack a nucleus, they’re hooked in to their receptors and exocytosis to react to new things. [3]
Multiple concomitant mechanisms contribute to low platelet count in patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Mechanisms resulting in low blood platelet count in immune blood disorder (ITP) involves each diminished production and inflated destruction of platelet. However, the contribution of those pathologic mechanisms to clinical outcome of individual patients is unsure. Here we have a tendency to evaluated totally different infective mechanisms as well as in vitro megakaryopoiesis, platelet/megakaryocyte (MK) desialylation and MK cell death, and compared these effects with thrombopoyesis and blood platelet cell death within the same cohort of ITP patients. traditional duct blood-CD34+ cells, mature MK derived cells or platelets were incubated with plasma from ITP patients. Despite inhibition of thrombopoiesis antecedently determined, megakaryopoiesis was traditional or perhaps inflated. Plasma from ITP patients affected the sialylation pattern of management platelets and this result occurred concomitantly with cell death in thirty five ITP samples. However, none of those abnormalities were determined up to the mark MKs incubated with ITP plasma. Addition of mononucleate cells as immune effectors didn’t cause phosphatidylserine exposure in MK, ruling out associate degree antibody-mediated cytotoxic result. These results counsel that each desialylation and cell death could also be relevant mechanisms resulting in blood platelet destruction though, they are doing not interfere with MK operate. Analysis of those thrombocytopenic factors in individual patients showed no specific distribution pattern. However, the presence of current antiplatelet autoantibodies was related to higher incidence of abnormalities. lastly, the causes of blood disorder are complex and will occur along, providing a rational basis for the utilization of combination therapies targeting concomitant ITP mechanisms in patients with refractory illness. [4]
Audit of Platelets Usage among Patients: A Descriptive Study of Various Platelet Concentrates
Background: Transfusion services are aimed to produce solely those parts that patients need and keep the remainder for others. protoplasm transfusion is important because of lack of alternative; and so ought to be used rationally.
Aim: To elucidate the rational use of various protoplasm concentrates, its comparative effectivity in thrombopenia patients at our tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional biennial study was dispensed at a tertiary care hospital in Asian country. Relevant clinical findings, pre/post transfusion protoplasm count together with complete haemogram and diagnosing of patients were thought of in collection the info. Quality of protoplasm was maintained as per the quality protocol of yank Association of bank (AABB).
Results: Total 4157 units of protoplasm concentrates from recruited donors were ready, wherever 3483 (83.97%) units were used and 674 (16.21%) were unfit for transfusion. 3483 match protoplasm concentrates were transfused to 1225 patients. Out of 3483 transfusions, 1080(31%) were therapeutic and 2403(69%) were prophylactic. within the study 3104 Random Donor protoplasm (RDP) and 379 Single Donor Platelets (SDP) were transfused to 978 and 247 patients severally. Mean absolute increase in protoplasm count was four.8×109/L (SD= a pair of.9×109/L) for RDP and for SDP it absolutely was thirty three.2×109/L (SD=6.0×109/L). Out of 3483 platelets transfusion, concerning eightieth were found to be rational in step with British Committee for Standards in medical specialty (BCSH) criteria.
Conclusion: A healthy rationality of eightieth was discovered within the gift study. protoplasm concentrates ought to be used rationally and scientifically as per verified criteria as a result of it’s no various. [5]
Reference
[1] Roshal, M. and Gil, M.R., 2019. Measurement of Platelet Count, Mean Platelet Volume, and Reticulated Platelets. In Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis (pp. 811-815). Elsevier. (Web Link)
[2] Kim, Y.C., Song, J.E., Kim, E.J., Choi, H., Jeong, W.Y., Jung, I.Y., Jeong, S.J., Ku, N.S., Choi, J.Y., Song, Y.G. and Kim, J.M., 2019. A simple scoring system using the red blood cell distribution width, delta neutrophil index, and platelet count to predict mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Journal of intensive care medicine, 34(2), pp.133-139. (Web Link)
[3] Clemetson, K.J. and Clemetson, J.M., 2019. Platelet receptors. In Platelets (pp. 169-192). Academic Press. (Web Link)
[4] Multiple concomitant mechanisms contribute to low platelet count in patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Matías Grodzielski, Nora P. Goette, Ana C. Glembotsky, M. Constanza Baroni Pietto, Santiago P. Méndez-Huergo, Marta S. Pierdominici, Verónica S. Montero, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Felisa C. Molinas, Paula G. Heller, Paola R. Lev & Rosana F. Marta
Scientific Reportsvolume 9, Article number: 2208 (2019) (Web Link)
[5] Chandra Sharma, D., Tripathi, L., Woike, P., Rai, S. and Gaur, R. (2016) “Audit of Platelets Usage among Patients: A Descriptive Study of Various Platelet Concentrates”, International Blood Research & Reviews, 6(4), pp. 1-9. doi: 10.9734/IBRR/2016/29327. (Web Link)